The High Peace Council and challenges and concerns
By Batur Beig
On Thursday 7 October the High Peace Council was inaugurated in Kabul. President Karzai speaking during opening session of the council stressed that the council is an independent and enjoys the full backing of the Afghan government. He also said the process of reconciliation or talks with the insurgents enjoys the full support of the international community in Afghanistan.
The High Peace Council is to henceforth take the lead on opening and pursuing negotiations with the armed oppositions groups. The council includes 68 members. A quick look at the list of its members shows the predominance of groups and individuals that either fought against the Taliban during the 1990s or lack an effective leverage in initiating real negotiations. In its second session the council elected Burhanuddin Rabbani the former President of Afghanistan (1992-96) as its chairman. Rabbani had also chaired the Peace Jirga held in Kabul which among other things called for the formation of the peace council and release of Taliban prisoners. Many see his role in the anti-Taliban alliance of the 1990s as an obstacle to any serious peace talks with the Taliban. Furthermore, the list also includes many other senior former political leaders that fought against the Taliban in the past.
While the urge for peace and an end to the increasingly bloody insurgency is intense across the Afghan society, serious concerns remain as to under what circumstances the negotiations might take place and what are the redlines for the compromises that need to be made to convince the Taliban lay down their arms. On the surface, the Taliban still insist on their principal demand of unconditional withdrawal of foreign troops and so far there is no clear indication that the Taliban is ready to compromise on their draconian versions of Islamic State and society in the country. The Afghan government and the international community have also repeatedly said that any peace talks will not undermine the values and achievements of the last nine years. But there are no clear understanding and formulation of what are these values and achievements that cannot be compromised.
Civil society and women organizations have repeatedly voiced serious concerns that the negotiation process might jeopardize the rights and freedoms of women enshrined in the 2004 constitution. Human rights organizations have also called for accountability for the atrocities committed by the Taliban. These are important concerns. The Taliban regime that ruled Afghanistan between 1996 and 2001 implemented an ultraconservative interpretation of Islamic law that effectively deprived women of all their social, political and economic rights. It banned female schools and restricted women movement in the public. The regime in its attempts to expand its control to other parts of Afghanistan also committed some of the most brutal and atrocious crimes the country has ever experienced. To mitigate some of these concerns, President Karzai has appointed 8 women to represent the interests and concerns of women. The group is certainly a small and weak minority in a body dominated by powerful figures.
Since its fall in 2001, the Taliban and its allies have shown no signs of readiness to tolerate political and social and cultural openness or moderation of their views with regard to women. In areas under the influence, education in general and female education in particular has been stalled. They have burnt schools and assassinated teachers and other social and political figures that they saw as different and independent from the Taliban. In recent years, they have intensified a campaign of terror, suicide bombing and destruction of public facilities across the country.
Share